What Are Element Blocks on the Periodic Table

One way to group elements is by element blocks, sometimes known as element families. Element blocks are distinct from periods and groups because they were developed based on a very different way of categorizing atoms. What Is an Element Block? An element block is a set of elements located in adjacent element groups. Charles Janet first applied the term (in French). The block names (s, p, d, f) originated from descriptions of spectroscopic lines  of atomic orbitals: sharp, principal, diffuse and fundamental.  No g-block elements have been observed to date, but the letter was chosen because it is next in alphabetical order after f. Which Elements Fall Into Which Block? Element blocks are named for their characteristic orbital, which is determined by the highest energy electrons: s-blockThe first two groups of the periodic table, the s-block metals: are either alkali metals or alkaline earth metalsare soft and have low melting pointsare electropositive and chemically active p-blockP-block elements include the last six element groups of the periodic table, excluding helium. The p-block elements include all of the nonmetals except for hydrogen and helium, the semimetals, and the post-transition metals. P-block elements: include carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, halogens, and many other common elementsinteract with other chemicals by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electronsmostly form covalent compounds (though the halogens form ionic compounds withs-block metals d-block D-block elements are  transition metals of element groups 3-12. D-Block elements: have valence electrons in their two outermost and shellsd block elements behave in a manner that is somewhere between that of highly reactive electropositive alkali metals and the covalent compound forming elements (which is why they are called transition elements)have high melting and boiling points  typically form colored saltsare generally good catalysts f-blockInner transition elements, usually the lanthanide and actinide series, including lanthanum and actinium. These elements are metals which have: high melting pointsvariable oxidations statesthe ability to form colored salts ​g-block (proposed) G-block would be expected to include elements with atomic numbers higher than 118.

The Effects Of Alcohol On The Human Body - 786 Words

Setting Up Your Research 1.1: Discovering the Subject of Your Interest or Issue of Inquiry The personal issue, selected, focuses on alcohol addiction. Alcohol is a flammable liquid which often intoxicates drinks (WebMD, 2016). Examples of the drinks include beer, wine, and other beverages. Component parts of this interest includes what factors that influence or encourage alcohol usage and addiction?, What methods are utilized to decrease one’s alcohol usage?, and what are the effects of alcohol on the human body? I became curious about this question because I have family members and relatives who suffer from alcohol addiction. Moreover, alcohol addiction is common around the world. I’m interested in gathering research that can be utilized†¦show more content†¦My personal experience that I have, which influences me about the issue, is that my dad has suffered from alcohol abuse. He has been drinking from a younger age and its now catching up to him as he gets older. I believe an individual can decrease or eliminate his or her amount of alcohol usage b y seeking help. I know one can’t change his or her addiction quickly. It takes time. However, some are able to quit faster than others. My own opinions include counseling or by educating one on alcohol addiction may help them decrease the usage of alcohol. This may be debated. My social environment growing up has predispose me to the conclusions about alcohol addiction because I have observed individuals that have used alcohol, along with the effect of alcohol on their behavior. I can identify and isolate my personal bias, opinion, feelings, and intuition by only gathering factual and statistical information. It’s important that the information is valid and reliable. It should not be bias. 1.3: Selecting the Focus of Your Study The focus of alcohol addiction is factors that influence alcohol addiction and effects of alcohol on the body. I’m looking at individuals and groups when studying alcohol addiction. This is because not everyone may experience the same behavior or mental processes when suffering from alcohol abuse or addiction. Individuals and groups I plan to study are individuals that recently reached adulthood and older people

ERP System Implementation Large Enterprise â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The ERP System Implementation Large Enterprise? Answer: Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a cross-functional technology strategy that supports all the activities of a business. It is the most important component of the IT strategy and therefore should be well implemented to integrate all facets of an operation such as marketing and sales, manufacturing, product planning and development, service delivery, inventory and materials management, finance and human resource. ERP continuously updates the core business processes by use of common databases maintained by a database management system. Through the use of ERP, the business can use a system of integrated applications to standardize and automate its back office and client-based functions and activities related to technology thus increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. This is because everyone uses the same data thus reducing confusion and mix-up when carrying out the organizations various activities (Tarhini et al, 2015). During ERP installation, the project man ager must ensure that the software is customized and takes into account variation in business requirements, processes and technologies, in addition to supporting the companys strategy and plan of action. ERP Expansion over the years ERP was established to outspread the capabilities of Material Requirements Planning (MRP) or Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) and Computer Integrated Manufacturing. ERP systems experienced a rapid growth in the 1990s where many companies decided to use them to replace their old legal systems as a result of disruption of the latter by euro introduction and the year 2000 problem. Initially, it was meant to automate back office functions such as management in order to avoid direct contact with customers and the public in general which could probably have affected the business negatively. Currently, developers are making an effort to incorporate ERP in mobile phones along with other business applications. The modern ERP contains networking, hardware and even supply chains integration. It has a wider range of functions and roles which include decision making, globalization, standardization and stakeholder relationship building. Characteristics of ERP Systems It is a common database that supports all the enterprise applications It provides real-time access for all employees and stakeholders It is an integrated system Its installation is usually a mammoth task It has a consistent reflection across all modules Importance of Enterprise Resource Planning ERP facilitates the flow of information in all the functions of the business. It also manages information flow to the external world, for example to shareholders ERP saves time and business expenditure as a result of integration of business processes It makes decision-making easier, faster and more accurate Enhanced data accessibility as ERP maintains a chronological history of all transactions Enhances revenue tracking for the organization thus it can determine whether it is making profits or losses It enables sales forecasting which brings about stock optimization for business operations It makes it possible to track orders and therefore make genuine sales ERP makes allowance for legitimacy and transparency in business activities Protection of the organizations sensitive data It provides an opportunity for increased teamwork among the employees as it displays a collaborative platform that enables them to focus on content. Disadvantages Customization of the organizations needs may be difficult. ERP usually meets the common requirements of the business which may then be forced to come up with other means of meeting its unique demands. Installation of ERP software may be expensive offsetting the business competitive advantage and revenue capability. It increases the expenses of the company due to maintenance and constant upgrading. There is also need to train the employees on the usage of the new technology A lot of time is spent while trying to harmonize the ERP with the organizations systems and technologies (Galliers et al, 2014). Enterprise Resource Planning Modules A module, in software, is a part of a program or programs that is independently created and linked to form the latter. Basically, ERP consists of several enterprise software modules individually purchased or developed in accordance with the organizations specific technical requirements. Each module is focused on a particular core business process such as product planning. The common ERP modules include: Customer Relationship Management (CRM): this aids in boosting sales by establishment of strong customer relationship to make them feel highly valued. This module contains the particulars of the clients in a chronological manner bringing about easy management. It can be integrated with the sales module to create future opportunities for the organization (Holmberg, N., Johansson, B., 2017). Production: this module takes care of product availability in the organization. It includes activities such as product planning, direct and indirect raw material usage, reporting of the production status, production forecasting and the actual production. Sales and Marketing: this entails information on product promotion with the aim of increasing sales, maintaining existing customers and expanding the market. The sales module keeps records of all sales transactions such as accepting orders, handling sales queries and tracking pending orders. Supply Chain Management (SCM): this involves demand and supply of products to and from the manufacturers, that is, the supply of raw materials and demand for finished goods by wholesalers and traders. The data found in this module include shipment tracking and sales returns. Human Resource: this module deals with the organizations employee records such as the payroll system and personal details. It may also include particular employee expenses and allowances. Accounting and Finance: contains all the financial details of an organization including ledgers, balance sheet, receivables and payables, budgeting, tax information, activity-based costing, cash management and details of the available fixed assets. Inventory module: it is used to keep track of individual items in the organization to find out their location and usage rates. The functionalities of this module include inventory reporting and stock utilization. Purchases: it has all data relating to procurement of items required by the company such as vendor listing, recording received and sent quotations and preparing purchase orders. This module is combined with the inventory and the engineering/production modules for constant updating of stock. Government Resource Planning (GRP) This is an integrated office system for government bodies, that is, it is the ERP for the public sector. The differences in ERP software between the private and the public sector are culture. This is because unlike the private sector, government agencies are mainly concerned with offering services to the countrys citizens. The private sector usually prioritizes on organizational expansion, achievement of set objectives and profit maximization. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Installation Plant floor communications are the control and facts interactions found in automation surroundings of manufacturing and processing plants. Manufacturing uses discrete control while processing uses continuous control. Many plants, however contain a hybrid of both since the auditing systems are often a combination of multi-vendor products to create a single system (Costa et al, 2016) Connectivity takes place in a variety of ways for both real-time and transaction data. Direct Integration: this is whereby ERP systems already have communications with the plant floor equipment as a part of the after-sale service from the vendor. This therefore requires the vendor or suppliers of the systems to be experts on the products with which they are dealing. Database Integration: in this case connectivity is carried out by the systems integrator. ERP software stage tables in a database onto which the plant floor systems deposit information. ERP systems vendors do not need to know the particular technicalities of their product connectivity. Enterprise Appliance Transaction Modules (EATM): these transact data with the business systems in ways considered best by the latter through their ability to communicate directly to the plant floor apparatus. The major advantage of this integration is that it offers a complete solution off the shelf while still reducing long-term operational costs and customization expenses. Custom Integrated Solutions: These are custom made and are created per order to meet site and specific system requirements. They are mostly used on workstations even if they have the highest level of initial installation and maintenance costs. The long-term upkeep costs can however be minimized via proper documentation and watchful testing of the systems. Implementation This is the process of actually putting the ERP systems into the organizations daily operations. The nature and scope of ERPs implementation demands for changes in employees and partners custom practices and activities. The three major tasks involved in the implementation process are Consulting, Customization and Support. The time used up in implementation depends on the size of the organization, customization needs, the readiness of the customer to begin use of the new system and number of modules in the company (Chugh et al, 2017). Before application, the project manager should ensure that he or she has a thorough understanding of the systems that need to be changed and why the change is necessary (Tasevska et al, 2014). In addition to minimizing the chances of project failure, analyses of the existing automation solutions also decrease the possibility of mismatch between the two systems. Generally, implementation of ERP in decentralized organizations takes a longer period of time and is costlier due to presence of various decision-making and management units which may have different development policies, procedures and regulations. Configuration: this entails trying to balance the ERP software between its nature of performance and the manner in which a specific organization requires it to operate. Customization Theoretically, ERP systems are created in industrial best practices and the developers expect the organizations to use them as such. Room for configuration is however given to give these organizations ability to gear the software towards their needs. Gaps in features often remain after this practice whereby the organization can rewrite a portion of the software, write another module that works within the software or create an interface with external sources. These activities refer to customization of the ERP software and are aimed towards reconciling the gaps in the system features. Two tier Enterprise Resource Planning This refers to ERP software that allows companies to run two different ERP systems at once one at the management level and the other at the subsidiary level. This would further increase the efficiency of workflows due to the availability of more systems that align with the organizations IT structures and improve the agility and flexibility of the business. This would, however, intensify implementation and maintenance costs. Besides, many organizations believe in the use of quicker and cheaper ERP implementations at the subsidiary level. Conclusion As observed above, Enterprise Resource Planning is an essential component of business growth due to its numerous benefits such as increasing the effectiveness of customer services and the rate at which business operations take place thus saving time and coinage. The implementation process of ERP, however, demands an enormous amount of money which small businesses may not be able to offer. Therefore, before installation of an ERP software the project managers should carry out a thorough evaluation of the entire organizations requirements to determine the need for the ERP, the number of modules that should be upgraded and the amount of finances that the business can afford to spare for the ERP enactment. References Pandya, S., Pandya, S. (2017). Improving the learning and developmental potential of SWOT analysis: introducing the LISA framework.Strategic Direction,33(3), 12-14. Gupta, G., Mishra, R. P. (2016). A SWOT analysis of reliability centered maintenance framework.Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,22(2), 130-145. Ramkumar, M., Schoenherr, T., Jenamani, M. (2016). Risk assessment of outsourcing e-procurement services: integrating SWOT analysis with a modified ANP-based fuzzy inference system.Production Planning Control,27(14), 1171-1190. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H., Tarhini, T. (2015). Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), 25. Tasevska, F., Damij, T., Damij, N. (2014). Project planning practices based on enterprise resource planning systems in small and medium enterprisesA case study from the Republic of Macedonia.International journal of project management,32(3), 529-539. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Chugh, R., Sharma, S. C., Cabrera, A. (2017). Lessons Learned from Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementations in an Australian Company.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),13(3), 23-35. Costa, C. J., Ferreira, E., Bento, F., Aparicio, M. (2016). Enterprise resource planning adoption and satisfaction determinants.Computers in Human Behavior,63, 659-671. Elbardan, H., Ali, M., Ghoneim, A. (2016). Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Introduction and Internal Auditing Legitimacy: An Institutional Analysis.Information Systems Management,33(3), 231-247. Holmberg, N., Johansson, B. (2017). A Service Oriented Perspective of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems.Journal of Systems Integration,8(2), 14. Acar, M. F., Tarim, M., Zaim, H., Zaim, S., Delen, D. (2017). Knowledge management and ERP: Complementary or contradictory?.International Journal of Information Management,37(6), 703-712. Ali, M., Miller, L. (2017). ERP System Implementation in Large Enterprises-A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,30(4).

Personal Legal Perspectives an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Personal Legal Perspectives by Expert Prof Akunga | 29 Dec 2016 1) Should the petition for involuntary bankruptcy be granted? Explain. Need essay sample on "Personal Legal Perspectives" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The applicable law to the given case is the United States Code (U.S.C.), specifically Title 11, Chapter 7. The law provides that the debtor, or a general partner in a partnership debtor that did not join in the petition, may file an answer to a petition (11 U.S.C. Section 303 (d)). Thus, applying this provision to the instant case, the petition for involuntary bankruptcy should be allowed and given due course and for the opposing partners, Mannino and Elliot to be required to file their respective answers. It should be noted that in cases of involuntary bankruptcy, the petition may be initiated against a person except those enumerated under Section 301 of the U.S.C. The exceptions enumerated are a family farmer, or a corporation that is not moneyed, business or a commercial corporation that may be a debtor (Section 301, U.S.C.). In case it is a partnership, the petition may be filed and initiated by fewer than all of the general partners. After the petition is filed, the following should documents should also be filed namely, schedules of assets and liabilities; a schedule of current income and expenditures; a statement of financial affairs; and a schedule of executory contracts and unexpired leases (Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1007(b)). The involuntary bankruptcy has the effect of stopping the operations of business and thereafter, the court appoints a trustee. This trustee is suppose to collect and sell the non-exempt assets and proceeds thereof are distributed to the creditors according to the schedule provided under Section 726 of the Code (US Courts Federal Judiciary web site, n.d.). Obligations or debts with a lien or mortgage are considered fully secured. Creditors holding such have a legal enforceable right to the lien or collateral. The creditor is no longer allowed to participate when the trustee liquidates the assets if the creditor holds collateral in an amount equal or greater than the amount of debt (US Courts Federal Judiciary web site, n.d.). After full liquidation of the assets of the partnership is made, there is no bankruptcy discharge and the case is deemed terminated. 2) Can the bankruptcy court confirm the debtors plan of reorganization? Explain. The Court should not confirm the reorganization plan. The law specifically mandates and provides the nine classes of preferred claims in the order of preference stated (Section 507, Chapter 11, Title 11 of the U.S.C.). This means that each class must be fully satisfied before full payment and satisfaction of the next lower category/class. In the given case, the Reorganization Plan filed by Friese, the debtor-in-possession is deemed a violation of the order of preference provided by law. It is noteworthy to discuss that the first class of claims and expenses to be fully satisfied and paid is administrative expenses. And fees assesses under Chapter 123 of Title 28 (11 U.S.C. Section 507 (1) and Section 503 (b)). These administrative expenses consist of any tax incurred by the estate except those kinds specified in Section 507 (a)(80). Clearly, placing IRS in the third class violates this provision. Unsecured claims are the second class of claims provided by law. The U.S.C. limits this only to those it specified under Section 502 (f) which provides specifically: an involuntary case, a claim arising in the ordinary course of the debtors business or financial affairs after the commencement of the case but before the earlier of the appointment of a trustee and the order for relief shall be determined as of the date such claim arises, and shall be allowed under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section or disallowed under subsection (d) or (e) of this section, the same as if such claim had arisen before the date of the filing of the petition (11 U.S.C. Section 502 (f)). The Reorganization Plan in the given case contradicts and violates the order of preference specified by the Code since it made and placed the unsecured creditors to the second class and fixed the amount to be satisfied as 50%. The law is clear when it specified the unsecured claims listed into several categories as provided for in Section 507 from (2) to (8). Moreover, Section 1129 grants the court the power only to confirm and approve the plan submitted if amongst others, it follows the mandates of the law. In essay sum, the bankruptcy proceedings is justified under the U.S. Constitution specifically Article 1, Section 8 which allows and directs the States to pass and enact laws relating to monetary obligations (U.S. Constitution, Article 1, and Section 8). By virtue of this constitutional mandate, a federal statutory law, the U.S.C. particularly Title 11 thereof was enacted to govern the bankruptcy proceedings (Cornell LII, n.d.). References Cornell Law School. Bankruptcy. Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute. Retrieved on June 23, 2007 Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, as amended. 1987. Retrieved on June 22, 2007, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frbp/rules.htm United States Code. Title 11, Chapters 7 and 11. Retrieved on June 22, 2007, from http://www.uscourts.gov/bankruptcycourts/bankruptcybasics/chapter7.html http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/uscode11/usc_sup_01_11.html U.S. Constitution. U.S. Courts The Federal Judiciary. Chapter 7 liquidation under the bankruptcy code. Retrieved on June 23, 2007, from http://www.uscourts.gov/bankruptcycourts/bankruptcybasics/chapter7.html